Perforating tenosynovitis is mostly caused by puncture wounds in the transverse crease of the palm side of the fingers, while hemogenic infection is less common. The sheath is rich in synovial fluid, moist and low in blood, providing favorable conditions for infection. Once infection occurs, inflammation quickly spreads throughout the sheath. Infections of the tendons in the thumb and little finger can also spread to the radial or ulnar bursae and can affect the forearm. In the narrow cavity of the fibrous sheath, inflammation and exudate tension can disrupt the blood circulation of the tendons, leading to tendinous necrosis. Even if the tendons do not necrose, adhesions often occur after inflammation, seriously affecting the function of the fingers.
Diagnosis of the disease can be made based on the history of trauma, the site of injury, systemic manifestations, local symptoms, and laboratory examinations.