Oligospermia

　　1. Varicocele Varicocele can increase the local temperature of the testicle, increase vascular active substances, and thus affect spermatogenic function of the testicle. However, the degree of varicocele is not proportional to sperm quality.

　　2. Cryptorchidism Cryptorchidism is one of the important causes affecting seminal fluid quality. Approximately 60% of patients with unilateral cryptorchidism are infertile. Therefore, if there is a low sperm density and cryptorchidism, early treatment is necessary.

　　3. Reproductive tract infection Chronic infection of accessory reproductive glands can affect various laboratory indicators in seminal fluid.

　　4. Autoimmune The study of reproductive immunology has found that male autoimmune conditions can affect fertility, and anti-sperm antibodies can affect sperm production and transport.

　　5. Endocrine abnormalities Normal spermatogenic function in males depends on the normal function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Any impairment in this pathway affects spermatogenic function. Other conditions such as thyroid and adrenal diseases can also affect reproductive gland function and lead to oligospermia.

　　6. Chromosomal abnormalities Chromosomal abnormalities have a significant impact on sperm density, motility, and morphology.

　　7. Other causes of oligospermia include excessive scrotal temperature, radiation damage, chemical toxins, and drug effects.

　　The disease is due to severe impairment of sperm vitality, with an increased proportion of dead sperm and a decreased proportion of viable sperm, leading to a decline in overall sperm quality and potentially affecting normal fertility. It mainly causes clinical manifestations such as infertility. At the same time, since the disease may be related to infections of the reproductive system, clinical complications such as frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria due to urinary tract infections may occur.

　　Symptoms such as fatigue, lumbar pain, knee weakness, dizziness, tinnitus, and lack of libido can also be present without any symptoms. However, their common manifestation is long-term infertility after marriage, with routine seminal fluid analysis showing sperm count less than 20×10^9/L.

　　Supplement the following foods in daily life: such as eels, loaches, squids, hairtail, eels, sea cucumbers, cuttlefish, snails, followed by yam, ginkgo, frozen tofu, tofu skin. These foods contain high levels of lysine, which are necessary components for sperm formation. Additionally, a lack of zinc in the body can also reduce libido and decrease sperm count. When encountering these situations, it is recommended to eat foods high in zinc. The zinc content per 100 grams of the following foods is: oysters 100 milligrams, chicken 3 milligrams, eggs 3 milligrams, chicken liver 2.4 milligrams, peanuts 2.9 milligrams, pork 2.9 milligrams. When eating these foods, be careful not to drink alcohol excessively to avoid affecting zinc absorption. If there is severe zinc deficiency, it is best to take 50 milligrams of zinc acetate daily and regularly measure the body's zinc content.

　　Fertility experts point out that low sperm quality is one of the main causes of male infertility. However, this condition is either permanent or temporary. The editor-in-chief of the American magazine 'Fertility Health' states that there are many reasons for temporary low sperm quality, including sexually transmitted diseases, alcoholism, smoking, overwork, high-temperature environments, tight underwear, insomnia, work, and emotional stress. Patients can completely improve sperm quality through a healthy lifestyle.

　　Nutritionists point out that many plants and health foods are helpful in increasing sperm count and improving sperm quality. The fresh green juice extracted from pumpkin leaves, diluted with an equal amount of fresh milk, can have a strong nourishing effect when consumed daily, helping men to increase libido, improve sperm quality, and restore reproductive ability.

　　1. Inquire about the medical history of male friends, conduct physical examinations, and perform other laboratory auxiliary examinations (genetic testing, endocrine hormone measurement, microbiological examination, anti-sperm antibody, trace element measurement, etc.), most of which can find the causes of oligospermia. When seminal fluid analysis shows oligospermia accompanied by the etiology of oligospermia, secondary oligospermia can be diagnosed.

　　2. For male friends, if the routine analysis of seminal fluid is conducted 3 times or more after abstinence for 3 to 7 days, and if the sperm density is below 20 million with no identifiable cause, it can be considered as idiopathic oligospermia. When the sperm density ≤ 1×10^6/mL, it can be diagnosed as severe oligospermia.

　　3. Physical examination and medical history can initially determine the presence of cryptorchidism and varicocele.

　　4. Immunological examination can determine the presence of autoimmune diseases, and karyotype analysis can determine the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. The determination of serum FSH, LH, T, and PRL is also an important method for the examination of oligospermia. If FSH and LH are lower than normal, it is secondary oligospermia, and an increased PRL level indicates oligospermia caused by hyperprolactinemia.

　　Frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, and a burning sensation in the urethra, as well as purulent discharge at the urethral orifice, an increase in pus cells in urine examination, leukocyte count greater than 10/HP in seminal fluid examination, and urine culture, etc., can determine the presence of inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system.

　　Dietary Therapy for Azoospermia

　　1. Two Penis Paste:Appropriate amounts of bull's penis, sheep's penis, and pork bone marrow, wash and cook until soft, add seasonings, boil into paste, take one spoonful, three times a day.

　　2. Job's tears and red bean porridge:60 grams of pre-cooked rice, 60 grams of red bean, 250 grams of glutinous rice, cook into porridge and eat, as a single serving.

　　3. Fish Glue Glutinous Rice Porridge:30 grams of fish glue, 50 grams of glutinous rice, first cook the glutinous rice until half熟, add fish glue, cook together until熟, stir frequently to prevent sticking to the bottom of the pot, take once every 2 days, can be taken regularly.

　　4. Pork Kidney and Chinese Wolfberry Soup:1 dose, with 15 grams each of Chinese wolfberry, codonopsis, and Chinese yam, 10 grams of eucommia, boil together until熟, add a little salt as a lead medicine and seasoning, eat the meat and drink the soup.

　　The above remedies are suitable for patients with azoospermia due to deficiency, if the vas deferens is blocked or the testicle is atrophic, the medicine is ineffective.

　　1. Patients with clear etiology should be treated according to the etiology, such as varicocele and cryptorchidism can be treated with surgery; reproductive tract infection should be treated with anti-infection therapy; patients with autoimmune ant精子 antibodies can be treated with immunosuppressants such as adrenal cortical corticosteroids and high-dose vitamin C. For oligospermia caused by exogenous factors, these external factors can be removed. With the removal of the primary disease and external factors, the sperm count will increase, and satisfactory results can be achieved.

　　2. For idiopathic oligospermia with unknown etiology, treatment with testosterone or synthetic testosterone derivatives such as propionate testosterone, fluohydroxy methyltestosterone, etc. can be adopted; Metergoline, a serotonin antagonist, also has certain efficacy; in addition, drugs such as corticosteroids, clomiphene, tamoxifen, HCG, HMG, etc. can be tried.

　　3. Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment: Take Liuwei Dihuang Wan or Bawei Dihuang Wan for 2-3 months continuously.