Hydrocele

　　1. The kidney governs water, and the spleen transforms and transports dampness. Deficiency of congenital kidney qi or kidney yang deficiency, water fluid cannot be steamed and transformed into gas; or spleen yang deficiency and cold, transformation and transportation weakness, dampness and dampness retention, leading to abnormal secretion and absorption of local water fluid, which is the basic etiology of hydrocele.

　　2. Congenital deficiency in infants, or poor closure of the descending channel after the kidney descends, congenital abnormalities, and the fluid tends to accumulate around the testis to form congenital hydrocele. In adults, deficiency of the spleen and kidney, and recurrence of cold and damp evil, leading to cold and damp stagnation, and the disease manifests itself; or due to irregular diet, alcohol and dampness injury, damage to the spleen and kidney, endogenous damp-heat, descending to the genital organs, lingering and forming; or testicular trauma, blood stasis blocking the kidney collaterals and waterways, which can also lead to secondary hydrocele.

　　There is a small amount of serous fluid in the normal tunica vaginalis sac, which is similar in nature to the serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity and has a lubricating effect, allowing the testis to move freely within it. Normally, the tunica vaginalis sac has the function of secreting and absorbing serous fluid, and maintaining a stable capacity. If the tunica vaginalis itself and the surrounding organs or tissues are diseased, causing the secretion and absorption function of the tunica vaginalis to be out of balance, various types of hydroceles can be formed. This condition generally has a good prognosis after treatment. The clinical importance lies in the long-term accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis, increased intra-abdominal pressure, leading to ischemia of the testis, poor spermatogenic function of the testis, and infertility. At the same time, a large hydrocele in adults can affect normal sexual life and also lead to infertility.

　　Symptoms of hydrocele: excessive fluid retention in the tunica vaginalis, forming a hydrocele. It is a common disease, seen in all ages. The early testis of the fetus is located retroperitoneally, and at 7-9 months, it descends into the scrotum through the inguinal canal, and the peritoneum attached to the testis also descends to form the peritoneal processus. After birth, the processus vaginalis from the internal ring to the testis gradually atrophies. The processus vaginalis of the testicular part forms a cystic tunica vaginalis of the testis. Normally, the tunica vaginalis contains only a small amount of serous fluid. When the secretion and absorption function of the tunica vaginalis is out of balance, hydrocele can occur. If the processus vaginalis is incompletely closed at different locations, various types of hydroceles can be formed. Hydroceles are divided into four types: tunica vaginalis hydrocele, spermatic cord hydrocele, tunica vaginalis hydrocele of testis and spermatic cord, and communicating hydrocele. Among them, tunica vaginalis hydrocele is the most common, which can be divided into primary and secondary. The latter is caused by inflammation, trauma, tumor, filariasis, etc.

　　1.Drug injection method:For small and thin-walled effusions, under local anesthesia, the fluid in the cyst is first aspirated, and then 0.5-1.5ml of 25% hydrocortisone acetate suspension, 2ml of 2% procaine hydrochloride, or 3-5ml of sodium succinate are injected; or use 3-5ml of cod liver oil sodium. After injection, gently massage the scrotum to distribute the medication evenly. This method is contraindicated for communicating hydrocele.

　　2. Surgical therapy:When adult hydrocele has a large mass and conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical treatment can be adopted.

　　Items that can be checked:Scrotal ultrasound examination, scrotal examination, light transmission test, abdominal CT, abdominal plain film, and sexually transmitted disease research laboratory test.

　　The general methods of scrotal ultrasound examination are usually two kinds:

     1, Longitudinal scan:With the left hand index and thumb appropriately fixing the testicle, perform longitudinal multi-plane scanning to display the ultrasound structure of the testicle, epididymis head and tail, and part of the spermatic cord.

     2, Transverse scan:Observe the skin, testicle, and epididymis morphology, size, and internal echo of the scrotum bilaterally, observe whether there is fluid and abnormal echo in the tunica vaginalis around the testicle.

　　One, what foods are good for hydrocele patients:

　　It is advisable to eat light and more vegetables and fruits, reasonably match the diet, and pay attention to adequate nutrition.

　　Two, what foods should not be eaten for hydrocele:

　　Avoid smoking and drinking, avoid spicy foods, avoid greasy foods, avoid smoking and drinking.

　　Three, the therapeutic value of fennel seeds in food therapy:

　　1, The main components of anise are protein, fat, dietary fiber, anethole, fenchone, and anisaldehyde, and its aroma mainly comes from fenchone and anisaldehyde and other aromatic substances;

　　2, Anise can stimulate the nerves and blood vessels of the gastrointestinal tract, promote the secretion of saliva and gastric juice, and enhance appetite and aid digestion;

　　3, Anise also has the effects of promoting intestinal peristalsis, relaxing spasm, reducing pain, and has antibacterial effects;

　　4, It has the effects of warming the kidney and expelling cold, harmonizing the stomach and regulating the qi; mainly treats symptoms such as stomach cold and abdominal pain, cold hernia pain, poor appetite due to stomach cold, etc. Anise is acrid and warm, good at warming the middle and lower jiao, especially good at soothing the liver and expelling cold to relieve pain, and is an essential medicine for treating cold hernia.

　　1, Syndrome of Cold-Damp Aggregation

　　Syndrome: The onset is slow, the scrotum swelling gradually worsens, and the skin becomes tough over time. When the swelling is severe, the penis retracts, affecting urination and sexual intercourse; accompanied by cool and moist scrotum,坠胀不适, backache and fatigue; pale tongue, white greasy coating, deep and wiry pulse.

　　Therapeutic Method: Soothe the liver and regulate the qi, expel cold and transform dampness.

　　Prescription: Chen Ling Decoction,加减Jiao Qi Decoction, Shui Han Decoction, etc. with additions and subtractions.

　　2, Syndrome of Downward Flow of Damp-Heat

　　Syndrome: The onset is rapid, the scrotum is enlarged, the skin is moist and red, accompanied by short and red urine, or testicular swelling and pain, or fever throughout the body; tongue red, coating yellow, pulse slippery and rapid or wiry and rapid.

　　Therapeutic Method: Clear heat and transform dampness.

　　Prescription: Da Fen Qing Yin, Qing Jie Tang with additions and subtractions.