Uterine tube malformation

　　1. Partial absence:A segment of the fallopian tube tissue is absent, which will greatly reduce the chance of pregnancy, and there will also be the presence of uterine malformation.

　　2. Absence of one segment of the fallopian tube:It occurs together with the absence of the uterus on the same side.

　　3. Fallopian tube diverticulum:Fallopian tube diverticula mostly appear in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, and the cause is not yet clear. The embryo is prone to implantation here, leading to abortion or rupture of the fallopian tube ampulla pregnancy.

　　4. Fallopian tube malformation:This refers to incomplete development or atresia. This condition can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy and can be麻烦 in treatment.

　　5. Accessory fallopian tube:This is a common situation in abnormal development of the fallopian tube. It refers to the presence of a small accessory fallopian tube next to the normal fallopian tube, and some may be connected to the lumen of the main fallopian tube.

　　6. Absence of both fallopian tubes:It usually occurs together with the absence of the uterus and is considered a complication of uterine malformation.

　　1. Abnormalities such as incomplete development, atresia, congenital closure, or complete connection of the fimbria to a fibrous cord and extending to the uterus. This type of malformation often causes infertility or ectopic pregnancy and is difficult to repair or reconstruct through surgery.

　　2. Middle segmental deficiency of the fallopian tube, similar to the situation after tubal ligation surgery, where the missing segment tissue shows fibromuscular characteristics under the microscope. If there is concurrent uterine malformation, the pregnancy rate will be greatly reduced, and these fallopian tube shaping surgeries are more likely to result in ectopic pregnancy after surgery.

　　3. Shortening, coiling, or sac-like deformities of the fallopian tubes are more common in mothers with a history of taking certain medications during pregnancy.

　　What are the symptoms of female fallopian tube malformation:

　　1. Absence of the fallopian tube: The cause of the absence of the fallopian tube is not very clear, such as unilateral absence of the fallopian tube, where the entire paramesonephric duct on that side has not developed, resulting in the inability to form the uterus and cervix on the same side. The main manifestation is a unicornuate uterus and fallopian tube developed from the opposite paramesonephric duct.

　　2. Incomplete development of the fallopian tube: The symptoms of incomplete development of the fallopian tube include solid tubal, string-like tubal, and underdeveloped tubal structures, all of which are cases where the fallopian tube fails to fully develop due to varying degrees of inhibition or obstruction in its early development.

　　3. Fallopian tube diverticulum: Fallopian tube diverticula mostly appear in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, and the cause is not yet clear. The embryo is prone to implantation here, leading to abortion or rupture of the fallopian tube ampulla pregnancy.

　　4. Patients with abnormal fallopian tubes may present with the symptom of absent unilateral fallopian tubes, which usually occurs together with the absence of the uterus on the same side.

　　5. Female patients may also experience the absence of both fallopian tubes, which often occurs together with the absence of the uterus and is considered a complication of uterine malformation.

　　6. Abnormal fallopian tubes may also present with accessory fallopian tubes, which is a symptom of abnormal fallopian tube development and is very common. It mainly refers to the presence of a small accessory fallopian tube next to the normal fallopian tube.

　　7. Abnormal fallopian tubes can lead to incomplete development or blockage of the fallopian tubes, which can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy in women.

　　8. Women patients may also have the phenomenon of a segmental absence in the fallopian tube, which greatly reduces the chance of pregnancy.

　　1. When having sexual intercourse, women should pay attention to their own and their partner's personal hygiene. Before sexual intercourse, both parties' external genitalia should be washed to prevent the smooth invasion of bacteria. When a woman has vaginal bleeding symptoms, she should self-restrain and prohibit sexual activity.

　　2. Women should pay attention to their own vulvar hygiene and personal cleanliness; prevent infections from household utensils and the bathroom.

　　3. Women should pay attention to their own nutrition and health care, strengthen nutrition during the menstrual period, after induced abortion, and after delivery; enhance their physical fitness, increase their resistance and immunity, and reduce the chance of getting sick.

　　4. When undergoing procedures such as induced abortion, delivery, insertion and removal of intrauterine devices, and other intrauterine surgeries, strict sterilization should be performed to avoid introducing bacteria into the vagina and uterus through surgery, causing infection artificially.

　　5. Women patients with acute fallopian tube injury should rest in a semi-recumbent position to prevent and limit the movement of inflammatory fluid due to changes in body position. Eat high-nutrition, easy-to-digest foods rich in vitamins.

　　6. Once a woman has an adnexal disease, she should adhere to the principles of treatment, adopt a positive attitude, undergo thorough treatment, control the condition as soon as possible, and prevent it from becoming chronic.

　　Fallopian Tube Aeration Test: The fallopian tube aeration test, also known as the Rubin test, involves injecting gas (carbon dioxide or oxygen) into the uterine cavity through a catheter, and determining whether the fallopian tubes are patent based on the injection pressure, auscultation of the lower abdomen, patient sensation, and abdominal X-ray to check for free gas under the armpit. Its diagnostic accuracy is only 45.0% - 50.0%, and there is a latent risk of air embolism, so it is not suitable as a method for testing fallopian tube patency, and it has been gradually replaced by other methods.

　　1. Hydrosalpingography: Hydrosalpingography is the process of injecting fluid into the uterine cavity through a catheter, and determining whether the fallopian tubes are patent based on the resistance of the injection, the presence or absence of reflux, the volume of fluid injected, and the patient's sensation. Due to its simplicity, the lack of need for special equipment, and low cost, hydrosalpingography is currently widely used. However, the disadvantage of hydrosalpingography is that it cannot directly understand the patency of the uterine cavity and fallopian tube cavity, and there is a possibility of causing or exacerbating hydrosalpingus.

　　2. Hysterosalpingography under X-ray: Hysterosalpingography (X-ray HSG) involves injecting contrast material into the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes through a catheter, and then透视 and photography under X-ray to determine the results based on the contrast material's imaging in the fallopian tubes and pelvic cavity. Hysterosalpingography can provide information about the size, shape, and contour of the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes. When there is no obstruction or spasm at the proximal end of the fallopian tubes, hysterosalpingography can show the length, diameter, shape, and fold of the fimbriae. HSG not only can clearly determine whether the fallopian tubes are patent or obstructed and identify the location of the obstruction, but also can make a diagnosis of the internal structure of the fallopian tubes. Selective hysterosalpingography has minimal injury, and hysterosalpingography can make an accurate diagnosis of fallopian tube obstruction (especially proximal obstruction).

　　3, Ultrasound examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes: Ultrasound examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes (HSUG) is simple, non-invasive, and clear in images. In the early 1980s, once the uterine tube patency test under ultrasound was proposed, it received extensive attention from gynecologists and obstetricians. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the development and application of ultrasound contrast agents, as well as the promotion of color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instruments (CDI), greatly improved the accuracy of evaluating the patency of the fallopian tubes under ultrasound. Practice has confirmed that the operation of hysterosalpingography under ultrasound is simple, non-invasive, has few side effects, and has a high accuracy. Transvaginal ultrasound is favored by obstetric and gynecological physicians due to its clear pelvic scanning effect and the fact that the bladder does not need to be filled. Many reproductive centers use it as a routine examination for infertile women to monitor follicle development and oocyte retrieval; therefore, transvaginal color Doppler hysterosalpingography has more advantages.

　　Pay attention to the correct diet and eating habits in daily life.

　　1, Abalone, pigeon egg, cuttlefish, octopus, quail, black-bone chicken, sea cucumber, shark fin, bird's nest, etc.

　　2, Sea horse, hawthorn, others, etc.

　　3, Pig pancreas, sunflower seeds, sea crab, etc.

　　4,龙葵砂糖茶:龙葵15 grams, flintstone 30 grams, decoct the juice and add sugar to drink as tea.

　　5,葵花楂肉:葵花托盘60 grams, decoct the juice, use the juice to boil pork 60 grams, hawthorn 30 grams.

　　The presence of accessory uterine tubes can affect the normal pick-up function of the fallopian tubes and is related to the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, prophylactic resection treatment can be performed on accessory uterine tubes. For fallopian tube diverticula, due to the ease of implantation of the ovum, there may be a spontaneous abortion or rupture of the ampullary pregnancy, and tubal整形 surgery or tubal resection can be performed according to the patient's desire for childbirth. For solid fallopian tubes, string-like fallopian tubes, and absent fallopian tubes, there are currently no effective treatment methods. For fallopian tubes without an ostium, a fallopian tube ostomy can be performed, but the success rate is not high. For the absence of the middle segment of the fallopian tube, microanastomosis can be performed, similar to the reimplantation of the fallopian tube after sterilization, with a certain success rate.