Colles fracture

　　Mostly due to a fall on the ground, the palm of the hand supports the ground, the wrist is in a supinated position, and the forearm is in an internal rotation position, so that the force is concentrated on the spongy bone of the distal radius, causing a fracture. In this state, the distal end of the fracture must appear to move towards the dorsal and radial sides. At this time, the styloid process of the ulna may be fractured, and the triangular fibrocartilage disc may also be torn.

　　1. Shoulder and elbow joint contusions are often accompanied by the injury, and the pain at the fracture site reduces the activity of the affected limb. Over time, the shoulder and elbow joints may become rigid.

　　2. Deformed fractures can cause symptoms of median nerve compression. With the correction of the fracture, it can gradually recover.

　　3. Breakage of the extensor pollicis longus tendon. It usually occurs 4 weeks after the injury, and sometimes occurs later. There are two possible causes of the breakage, one is due to the primary injury, and the other is that the fracture involves the Lister结节, and the tendon wears out on the uneven bone surface and breaks.

　　4. Failure of fracture reduction or fixation can lead to malunion of the fracture.

　　5. Sudeck's osteoporosis (reflex sympathetic osteoporosis, post-traumatic osteoporosis) may occur.

　　6. It can be complicated with scaphoid fracture at the same time. Attention should be paid during examination to avoid missed diagnosis.

　　1. Silver fork-like deformity

　　The distal end of the fracture and the hand move towards the dorsal side, with indentation on the proximal side.

　　2. Spear-like deformity

　　The distal end of the fracture and the hand move towards the radial side, and the middle finger axis is not on the same plane as the radius axis.

　　3. Ruler test

　　When normal, place a ruler on the ulnar side of the wrist, the styloid process of the ulna is more than 1 centimeter away from the ruler. When the distal radius is fractured, the styloid process of the ulna can touch the ruler.

　　4. Linear relationship between the styloid process of the ulna and the styloid process of the radius

　　After the distal radius fracture, the styloid process of the ulna and the styloid process of the radius are almost in a straight line, normally the styloid process of the radius is 1 to 1.5 centimeters longer than that of the ulna.

　　The methods of fracture classification vary, and the currently widely used one is Frykman's classification, which is based on joint surface injury, injury to the distal radius-ulna joint, and whether there is a distal radius fracture, etc., and divides the distal radius fractures into 8 categories.

　　(1) Extra-articular fracture, without distal radius fracture.

　　(2) Extra-articular fracture, with distal radius fracture.

　　(3) Intra-articular fracture involving the radiocarpal joint, without distal radius fracture.

　　(4) Intra-articular fracture involving the radiocarpal joint, with distal radius fracture.

　　(5) Intra-articular fracture involving the distal radius-ulna joint, without distal radius fracture.

　　(6) Intra-articular fracture involving the distal radius-ulna joint, with distal radius fracture.

　　(7) Intra-articular fracture, involving the radial wrist joint and the distal ulnar and radial joints, but without distal radial fracture.

　　(8) Intra-articular fracture, involving the radial wrist joint and the distal ulnar and radial joints, with distal radial fracture.

　　The prognosis is generally good, and most of the wrist joint movement can be restored. The patient's diet should be light, easy to digest, and rich in fruits and vegetables, with a reasonable dietary搭配. In addition, patients should also pay attention to avoiding spicy, greasy, and cold foods.

　　X-ray Photography:The radius is transversely fractured about 3.0 cm from the joint surface. On the anteroposterior film, the distal segment of the fracture moves medially, and it may be impacted with the proximal segment of the fracture, and the distance between the ulnar and radial joints increases (separation). The inclination of the distal articular surface of the radius towards the ulna decreases, normally 20° to 25°, and after the fracture, it can decrease to 5° to 15° or even disappear; on the lateral view, the distal end of the radius moves medially, and the inclination angle of the articular surface towards the palm decreases or disappears, normally 10° to 15°.

　　Diet should be light, easy to digest, and rich in nutrition. Avoid overeating rich and greasy, cold foods, and eat less sweet foods and gas-producing foods.

　　1. Blood stasis should eat light, easy-to-digest foods, such as rice porridge, noodle soup, lean meat soup, seasonal vegetables, etc.食疗方：Sparerib and radish soup (sparerib, white radish).

　　2. Stagnation of Qi and blood stasis should eat blood-activating and blood-removing foods, such as佛手, peach kernel, black bean, etc.食疗方：Red date and longan soup (red date, longan flesh).

　　3. Deficiency of the liver and kidney should eat tonifying tendons and bones, such as turtle, eel, mackerel, and milk pigeon stewed soup.食疗方：黄芪炖鸡汤(Notopterygium root, hen).

　　1. Non-displaced Colles fracture, fixed with a neutral position plaster splint for 4 weeks. Displaced fractures are mostly treated with closed reduction and external fixation.

　　2. Surgical treatment. In recent years, with the development of internal fixation technology, open reduction and internal fixation technology has been used to treat Colles fracture, especially for intra-articular fractures, with good efficacy.