Postoperative venous thrombosis is a relatively common complication in clinical practice, although it is common, it is not necessarily a certainty. The probability of thrombosis formation is generally higher within the first week after surgery, mainly due to prolonged bed rest and reduced venous return rate, leading to thrombosis, which is often found in the lower limbs. In addition, after major surgeries, such as heart valve replacement surgery, vascular endothelial damage and high blood coagulation status are also prone to the formation of venous thrombosis.

Thrombosis can cause significant damage, even life-threatening, therefore, it is important to actively prevent postoperative thrombosis. It is recommended to start moderate physical activity as soon as possible after surgery, and to turn over regularly and move the limbs while in bed, which can help promote blood circulation. In addition, anticoagulant drugs should be used for necessary anticoagulation treatment after surgery to prevent thrombosis. On the dietary front, it is recommended to follow a low-fat and mild diet.

The time of thrombosis formation is generally unpredictable, but some common conditions make it more likely for individuals to develop venous thrombosis than the general population. The key mechanisms of thrombosis include hypercoagulability, vascular damage, and blood stasis. Hypercoagulability is often associated with factors such as malignant tumors, long-term oral contraceptives, and antihypertensive drug syndrome. Vascular damage is common in cases of trauma, vascular rupture, and injury caused by intravascular surgery. Blood stasis occurs mainly due to postoperative immobilization or a limited activity space, leading to a prolonged inactivity in a certain posture, resulting in slow blood flow and an increased risk of thrombosis.

Currently, it is believed that there are three elements involved in the formation of thrombosis: the first is a slow blood flow rate, the second is a high blood viscosity, and the third is damage to the vascular endothelium. These three elements are closely related and can also influence thrombosis independently. Therefore, in order to prevent the formation of thrombosis, it is advisable to engage in physical exercise regularly to maintain a relatively stable blood flow rate. In addition, attention should be paid to dietary balance, and it is best to avoid or minimize the intake of fat. If the blood sugar level is found to be high, it is advisable to take lipid-lowering drugs internally to lower blood lipids. Moreover, it is essential to quit smoking and drinking to prevent damage to the vascular endothelium.