What are the effects and functions of Guipi Capsules – Official Article

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What are the effects and functions of Guipi Capsules?

Guipi Capsules have the effects and functions of invigorating the spleen and Qi, nourishing blood and calming the mind, enhancing immunity, improving fatigue, and promoting digestion.

1. Invigorate the Spleen and Qi

The ingredients in Guipi Capsules can help enhance the function of the spleen and stomach, and have an improving effect on symptoms such as indigestion and loss of appetite caused by spleen deficiency.

2. Nourish Blood and Calm the Mind

For symptoms such as insomnia, frequent dreaming, palpitations caused by blood deficiency, Guipi Capsules can achieve the effect of calming the mind by nourishing the blood.

3. Enhance Immunity

Guipi Capsules can enhance the body’s immunity and is helpful for people with weak constitutions and those prone to catching colds.

4. Improve Fatigue

For fatigue and weakness caused by spleen deficiency, Guipi Capsules can alleviate fatigue by invigorating the spleen and Qi.

5. Promote Digestion

Guipi Capsules can promote gastrointestinal motility and has a certain alleviating effect on symptoms such as indigestion and bloating.

When using Guipi Capsules, it is recommended to follow the doctor’s advice and take the correct dosage and follow the proper administration method. At the same time, maintaining a good lifestyle, such as a reasonable diet and moderate exercise, also helps to improve the level of physical health.

What are the effects and efficacy of Lovastatin Capsules? – Authoritative Article

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What are the effects and efficacy of Lovastatin Capsules?

Many young people may not know about this drug, Lovastatin Capsules, but many middle-aged and elderly people not only know about this drug but have even used or are currently using this capsule preparation. The main action of this drug is to treat hyperlipidemia, and it can also treat hypercholesterolemia. Hyperlipidemia is a serious disease that endangers health, mainly leading to other complications, including coronary heart disease, pancreatitis, atherosclerosis, and others. The causes of hyperlipidemia are very complex and may be related to long-term diet, smoking and alcohol, and stress. In the early stage of the disease, patients can use Lovastatin Capsules for treatment to avoid the occurrence of other complications when the condition becomes severe.

What are the effects of Lovastatin Capsules?

The action of Lovastatin Capsules is for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and other symptoms. Common adverse reactions include gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea, bloating, and other symptoms such as headache, rash, dizziness, blurred vision, and taste disturbance. Blood cholesterol and blood creatine phosphokinase should be checked regularly during medication. Lovastatin Capsules are in the form of capsules, containing a white or off-white powder. The recommended adult oral dose is 10-20mg once daily, taken with the evening meal. The dose may be adjusted once every four weeks if necessary, but the dose should not exceed 80mg per day. Patients allergic to Lovastatin should not use this drug. Caution should be exercised in patients allergic to other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Patients with active liver disease or persistently elevated blood aminotransferases of unknown etiology should not use this drug.

Studies have shown that the main component of Lovastatin Capsules is Lovastatin, which competitively inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in the cholesterol synthesis process in the body, reducing cholesterol synthesis and also increasing the synthesis of low-density lipoprotein receptors. The main action site is the liver, resulting in a decrease in blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, thereby exerting a preventive and therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

Lovastatin Capsules can also reduce serum triglyceride levels and increase blood high-density lipoprotein levels. In mice, a dose of 3-4 times the human dose can cause cancer, but in large-scale long-term clinical trials in humans, there has been no increase in tumor incidence. Existing studies have not found that the drug has mutagenic effects.

The oral absorption of Lovastatin Capsules is good, but it decreases by 30% when taken on an empty stomach. The drug is extensively metabolized in the liver, hydrolyzed into various metabolites, including three active metabolites mainly composed of β-hydroxy acids. The protein binding rate of the drug and β-hydroxy acid metabolites is as high as 95%, with a peak time of 2-4 hours and a T1/2 of 3 hours. 83% is excreted in feces, and 10% is excreted in urine. After long-term treatment, the drug can be discontinued, and the effect can last for 4-6 weeks.

What are the effects and functions of Niuhuang Qinggan Capsules – Official Article

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What are the effects and functions of Niuhuang Qinggan Capsules

Niuhuang Qinggan Capsules have the effects and functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, releasing lung qi and relieving cough, relieving sore throat, enhancing immunity, and alleviating fever.

1. Clear Heat and Detoxify

Niuhuang Qinggan Capsules contain ingredients such as realgar, which have a certain alleviating effect on symptoms caused by internal heat and toxicity.

2. Release Lung Qi and Relieve Cough

The capsule can release lung qi, helping to alleviate symptoms such as cough and excessive phlegm in the respiratory system.

3. Relieve Sore Throat

For symptoms such as sore throat and hoarseness, Niuhuang Qinggan Capsules also have certain effects on improvement.

4. Enhance Immunity

Niuhuang Qinggan Capsules help enhance the body’s immune ability to combat foreign pathogens.

5. Alleviate Fever

During a cold with fever, Niuhuang Qinggan Capsules can help reduce body temperature and alleviate discomfort.

When using Niuhuang Qinggan Capsules, it is recommended to follow the doctor’s advice and take the medication according to the dosage and usage instructions recommended in the说明书, to ensure safety and effectiveness. At the same time, maintaining good living habits and dietary structure is helpful to improve the overall health level of the body.

What are the effects of Gongyanping Capsules? – Official article

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What are the effects of Gongyanping Capsules?

Gongyanping Capsules is a traditional Chinese medicine, and many men may not be aware of this medicine, but many women have used it. The main function of this medicine is to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, which is a common gynecological disease. Patients may experience lower abdominal pain, and the vagina may have some secretions frequently. The pain may last for a long time, and if the work is very tired, the pain will be intensified. Additionally, after sexual activity, abdominal pain may also be very obvious, and some patients may even have symptoms such as fever and headache. Therefore, it is very important to treat pelvic inflammatory disease in a timely manner, and patients can use Gongyanping Capsules to help with the treatment, because this medicine has the following benefits.

What are the effects of Gongyanping Capsules?

Gongyanping Capsules, based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and verified by modern pharmacological research, is a rational formula preparation. The medicine selects authentic Chinese herbs such as Dianren, Liangmianjin, Danggui, Chuanpo Shi, and Wuzhi Maotao, and is refined into a pure traditional Chinese medicine preparation using modern scientific methods. It is an innovative and effective new-generation gynecological medicine. Then, what are the effects and efficacy of Gongyanping Capsules? Are they good?

Preclinical pharmacological trials have shown that Gongyanping Capsules can reduce the increased permeability of capillaries in the peritoneal cavity of mice caused by acetic acid, can reduce the weight of ear swelling in mice caused by xylene and granuloma in rats caused by cotton balls; it can reduce the number of writhing reactions in mice during acetic acid-induced pain and increase the pain threshold of mice in the hot plate test. Gongyanping Capsules are a new traditional Chinese medicine preparation created in recent years, with the main ingredients being Dianren, Liangmianjin, Danggui, Wuzhi Maotao, and Chuanpo Shi. They have the effects of clearing heat and removing dampness, removing blood stasis and alleviating pain, and astringing and stopping vaginal discharge.

Gongyanping Capsules, with Dianren and Liangmianjin as the principal and assistant herbs, Dianren has the effects of astringing and stopping vaginal discharge, as well as blood tonification and regulating the menstrual cycle; Liangmianjin has the effects of promoting Qi flow and blood circulation, removing dampness and alleviating pain. The assistant herbs include Danggui, Chuanpo Shi, and Wuzhi Maotao, with Danggui particularly effective in blood tonification and regulating the menstrual cycle, and in promoting blood circulation and alleviating pain. Adding Chuanpo Shi helps clear heat and remove dampness, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis to enhance the action of the principal herbs. Wuzhi Maotao tonifies Qi and strengthens the spleen, promotes Qi flow and removes dampness, and has a complementary synergistic effect. Gongyanping Capsules have a significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antispasmodic effect (P<0.01); they have a significant effect of reducing smooth muscle tension, inhibiting the spontaneous contraction of intestinal smooth muscle, enhancing the body’s immune function, promoting the phagocytic function of peripheral albumin, and promoting the formation of immunoglobulins, mainly used for the treatment of acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.

What are the ingredients of Gongyanping Capsules?

Gongyanping Capsules are a new traditional Chinese medicine preparation created in recent years, with the effects of clearing heat and removing dampness, removing blood stasis and alleviating pain, and astringing and stopping vaginal discharge. It is used for inflammation caused by childbirth, abortion, intrauterine surgery, gynecological infection, as well as pelvic inflammatory disease caused by low estrogen levels and non-specific infection. It should not be taken in excessive amounts and should not be taken with sour foods. Then, what are the ingredients of Gongyanping Capsules?

Gongyanping Capsules are a newly formulated traditional Chinese medicine preparation created in recent years, with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine as the basis and verified by modern pharmacological research. The medicine selects authentic Chinese herbs such as Dianren, Liangmianjin, Danggui, Chuanpo Shi, and Wuzhi Maotao, and is refined into a pure traditional Chinese medicine preparation using modern scientific methods. It is mainly used for the treatment of acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and is an innovative and effective new-generation gynecological medicine.

Gongyanping Capsules, with Dianren and Liangmianjin as the principal and assistant herbs, Dianren has the effects of astringing and stopping vaginal discharge, as well as blood tonification and regulating the menstrual cycle; Liangmianjin has the effects of promoting Qi flow and blood circulation, removing dampness and alleviating pain. The assistant herbs include Danggui, Chuanpo Shi, and Wuzhi Maotao, with Danggui particularly effective in blood tonification and regulating the menstrual cycle, and in promoting blood circulation and alleviating pain. Adding Chuanpo Shi helps clear heat and remove dampness, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis to enhance the action of the principal herbs. Wuzhi Maotao tonifies Qi and strengthens the spleen, promotes Qi flow and removes dampness, and has a complementary synergistic effect. Gongyanping Capsules have a significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antispasmodic effect (P<0.01); they have a significant effect of reducing smooth muscle tension, inhibiting the spontaneous contraction of intestinal smooth muscle, enhancing the body’s immune function, promoting the phagocytic function of peripheral albumin, and promoting the formation of immunoglobulins, mainly used for the treatment of acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.

What are the main functions of diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules? – Authored article

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What are the main functions of diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules?

Diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules are a prescription drug, and most people do not know about this drug because they have not experienced related diseases. This drug is mainly used to treat viral hepatitis. Because of viral infection, the liver may become inflamed, which is a very harmful disease. Patients may experience reduced appetite, frequent nausea, especially discomfort in the upper abdomen, pain in the liver area, a significant decrease in vitality, and yellowing of the skin. With the progression of the disease, very serious severe hepatitis may also occur, so it is very important to control the condition in time, and early patients can take diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules to help treat the disease.

The functions of diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules:

Diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules can protect the liver. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate is an extract of the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine licorice and has certain anti-inflammatory, protective effects on the liver cell membrane, and improves liver function. It is used for acute and chronic viral hepatitis with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

The treatment of liver disease has three principles: the first is antiviral; the second is to enhance immunity; the third is to restore liver function. Only by mastering these three principles can the problem of hepatitis B turning negative be discussed. Restoring liver function is not only restoring the liver’s detoxification function, but also, in terms of pathological changes, it is improving the detoxification function. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate is an extract of the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine licorice and has certain anti-inflammatory, protective effects on the liver cell membrane, and improves liver function. Therefore, diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules are mainly used for various liver diseases and are the first choice for treating various liver function damage. The main functions of diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules include: diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules can anti-inflammatory and protect the liver, can protect the liver and reduce enzymes, can significantly inhibit the degeneration and necrosis of liver cells, inflammation infiltration and liver fibrosis, and promote the regeneration of liver cells.

In addition, diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules combined with Kunming Shanhaitang tablets can treat psoriasis. Commonly known as ‘psoriasis’, psoriasis is a chronic disease with a wide range of affected populations, and it has a significant impact on the lives of patients. Itching, scales, and visible plaques are the main problems困扰ing patients. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Kunming Shanhaitang has reliable efficacy for common, palmoplantar pustular, and joint psoriasis, and can enhance the anti-inflammatory effect when used in combination with diammonium glycyrrhizinate, which has no adverse reactions to corticosteroids.

It can be seen that the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsules in protecting the liver are quite good, with definite efficacy and significant effects, and they are deeply loved by patients.

What are the effects and functions of Fukang Capsules – Official Article

From: https://www.diseasewiki.com

What are the effects and functions of Fukang Capsules

The main effects and functions of Fukang Capsules include enhancing immunity, improving fatigue, promoting digestion, regulating endocrine, and aiding in sleep.

1. Enhance Immunity

Fukang Capsules contain a variety of active ingredients that can stimulate the immune system and enhance the body’s resistance to external pathogens.

2. Improve Fatigue

By regulating the body’s metabolism, Fukang Capsules can help alleviate physical fatigue caused by long hours of work or study.

3. Promote Digestion

Certain ingredients in Fukang Capsules can promote peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract and improve symptoms such as indigestion.

4. Regulate Endocrine

Fukang Capsules can help regulate the endocrine system and has certain assistance in balancing hormone levels.

5. Aid in Sleep

Fukang Capsules contain calming ingredients that have a certain auxiliary effect on improving sleep quality and shortening the time to fall asleep.

When choosing Fukang Capsules, it is recommended to consult a professional doctor and use them reasonably according to your own health condition and needs to achieve the best health care effect. At the same time, maintaining a good lifestyle and diet structure is also an important factor in maintaining health.

What are the possible side effects of the Osteoarthritis Capsule? – Authored Article

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What are the possible side effects of the Osteoarthritis Capsule?

The Osteoarthritis Capsule is a prescription drug commonly used to treat a variety of diseases. This medication has the effects of relaxing tendons and promoting blood circulation, and can also relieve pain and promote blood circulation. For example, many people often suffer from cervical spondylosis, especially those who work at a desk or play games on their phones frequently. They may feel pain in the cervical area. In this case, it is essential to take good care of the cervical spine, such as applying heat, performing proper massage, and using the cervical spine correctly in daily life and work. On this basis, the Osteoarthritis Capsule can help treat cervical spondylosis. In addition, the Osteoarthritis Capsule has certain efficacy for diseases such as lumbar spondylosis, thoracic vertebral disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Can the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule be taken for a long time? What are the side effects?

The Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule is a common capsule medication and is often used in clinical practice for orthopedic and rheumatic diseases. Can the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule be taken for a long time? What are the side effects? Detailed introductions will be provided below for such questions.

The Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule can treat rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic pain, and gout. The most obvious effect of the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule is that it is a pure Chinese medicine preparation, ‘quick absorption, good efficacy,’ treats both symptoms and root causes, quickly relieves pain, and rapidly relieves symptoms of diseases such as bone spurs, rheumatoid arthritis, and rheumatic pain. As a pure Chinese medicine preparation, it does not contain hormones, is safe, and has no side effects.

Through the above introduction, everyone should be clear that understanding the efficacy of the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule is very good, but can the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule be taken for a long time?

In fact, no medication can be taken for a long time. Of course, the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule is no exception. If a drug is taken for a long time, it may cause the patient to develop a dependence on it. Therefore, to ensure the best treatment outcome for patients, it is essential to strictly follow the doctor’s instructions when taking medication. The doctor will prescribe the best time for taking the medication based on the patient’s condition.

As everyone knows, ‘three parts of poison in a drug.’ Then, what are the side effects of the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule?

The side effects of the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule are not yet clear. Generally speaking, as long as patients take the medication correctly, there will not be major problems. Therefore, the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule should be used under the guidance of a doctor. It is also noted that patients with heart and kidney diseases should use the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule with caution. If symptoms such as numbness of the lips and tongue, headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, restlessness, and nausea, or difficulty breathing occur after taking the medication, the medication should be stopped immediately, and medical treatment should be sought.

In summary, the author suggests that patients should understand the contraindications of the Osteoarthritis Pain Relief Capsule before using it for treatment, which can ensure a better treatment outcome.

What is the correct way to take Ganmaoling capsules? – Authoritative Article

From: https://www.diseasewiki.com

What is the correct way to take Ganmaoling capsules?

Everyone knows about the drug Ganmaoling capsules, as the name implies, it is used to treat the common cold. However, in daily life, cold symptoms occur from time to time. The most common cold symptoms include headache, body fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, and so on. In fact, the common cold is a complex condition with many types. Once you find yourself with a cold, you should find the cause based on your own condition. Usually, people with some life experience can roughly know which type of cold they have. When you have a cold, your body becomes weak, so you need to rest more, and your diet must be correct. After doing these basic things, you can go to the pharmacy to buy Ganmaoling capsules to take. Then, what is the correct way to take this medicine?

How many capsules of Ganmaoling should be taken at one time?

As the name implies, Ganmaoling capsules are a medication for treating the common cold. Ganmaoling capsules have a good therapeutic effect and are worth purchasing and taking. The administration and dosage of Ganmaoling capsules have always been a concern for patients. Then, how many capsules of Ganmaoling should be taken at one time?

The administration and dosage of Ganmaoling capsules are oral, take 2 capsules at one time, three times a day. The main adverse reactions are drowsiness, excessive sleepiness, thirst, and a sense of weakness; occasionally, there may be rashes, urticaria, drug fever, and granulocytopenia. Taking too much or long-term high-dose use may lead to abnormal liver and kidney function.

The main ingredients of Ganmaoling capsules include Sarcandra, Guangmei, Chrysanthemum discoides, menthol, wild chrysanthemum, chlorphenamine maleate, caffeine, acetaminophen, and others. Each component has its pharmacological properties, such as chlorphenamine maleate, which acts as an antiallergic by antagonizing the H1 receptor, mainly used for rhinitis, allergic skin and mucous membrane, and to alleviate symptoms such as tearing, sneezing, and runny nose associated with the common cold. Acetaminophen has antipyretic and analgesic effects, used for fever, joint pain, neuralgia, migraine, cancer pain, and postoperative analgesia. Due to its pharmacological effects, Ganmaoling capsules are indicated for relieving fever and pain. It is used for headache, fever, nasal congestion with runny nose, and sore throat caused by the common cold.

The plant, Guangmei, in the composition of Ganmaoling capsules has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting saliva and quenching thirst. It is used for colds, high fever with thirst, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis,百日咳 (whooping cough), enteritis, and is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in the Lingnan region and a major component of cold drinks. Sarcandra has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, expelling wind and dampness, and is used to treat symptoms such as sore throat, arthralgia due to wind and dampness, malaria, dermatitis, contusions and sprains, and insect and snake bites.

The above introduction is about how many capsules of Ganmaoling should be taken at one time. I believe everyone has a general understanding. Ganmaoling capsules have a good therapeutic effect and are worth purchasing for patients. Caution should be exercised with Ganmaoling capsules for patients with diabetes, upper gastrointestinal ulcers, bladder neck obstruction, pyloric and duodenal obstruction, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

What are the effects of Clomifene Citrate capsules? – Authored Article

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What are the effects of Clomifene Citrate capsules?

For a newly married couple, having a child smoothly is definitely a shared dream. However, due to various reasons, infertility is often encountered in life. For example, some women do not have ovulatory function in their ovaries, leading to infertility. Additionally, some men have a low sperm count or poor sperm quality, which can also lead to male infertility. In summary, many problems of both men and women can lead to the inability to successfully conceive a baby. For some infertility cases, Clomifene Citrate capsules have a certain curative effect. It should be reminded that this drug is a stimulant and a prescription drug, and it must be taken under the guidance of a doctor.

What are the effects of Clomifene Citrate capsules?

It can be said that the most important thing in the world is good health. Therefore, one must be careful not to take too much medication. Many women want to get pregnant as soon as possible and think that taking more Clomifene Citrate tablets can help them get pregnant earlier. This idea is wrong; drugs only work best when taken in appropriate amounts. Then, what are the effects of Clomifene Citrate tablets?

Clomifene Citrate tablets are mainly used to treat female infertility without ovulation, suitable for those with a certain level of estrogen in the body. They are used to treat insufficient luteal function, test ovarian function, detect functional abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men, and treat male infertility due to a lack of sperm. Clomifene Citrate tablets are anti-androgen drugs. The mechanism by which Clomifene Citrate tablets stimulate ovulation is not fully understood.

To achieve better effects with Clomifene Citrate tablets during use, patients need to maintain a cheerful mood, engage in moderate exercise, and also maintain a healthy diet. Additionally, adhering to a regular schedule is important to keep the body in a balanced state. Only in this way can Clomifene Citrate tablets better exert their effects, promote ovulation, and thus increase the chance of conception.

Clomifene Citrate tablets also have a certain effect on men, and they are effective for male infertility caused by oligospermia or changes in seminal quality due to varicocele. For those who still cannot conceive one year after varicocele surgery, Clomifene Citrate capsules can be used. After taking them, they can increase the levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone, as well as increase the number of sperm and enhance sperm vitality.

This is the introduction of the effects of Clomifene Citrate tablets for everyone, hoping it can be helpful to you. Clomifene Citrate tablets can indeed treat infertility, but, one must take them in appropriate amounts when using them.

What are the main efficacy of ketoconazole capsules? – Authoritative article

From: https://www.diseasewiki.com

What are the main efficacy of ketoconazole capsules?

Ketoconazole capsules are a widely used drug. This drug has no special taste and is a white crystalline powder, often used to treat candidiasis. Candidiasis can cause many diseases in the human body. For example, skin infection can lead to skin diseases, and it can also infect many internal organs, especially the female vagina, so vaginal inflammation often occurs. Candidiasis in the blood of humans can lead to candidemia. In addition to this, the esophagus, urinary system, lower respiratory tract, and other systems of humans may be infected by Candida. At this time, ketoconazole capsules can be used to treat diseases. In addition to these, this drug has many other benefits.

The efficacy and effects of ketoconazole capsules:

Antibacterial drugs generally refer to drugs with bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity. Patients often use this type of drug in daily life, and taking too many antibacterial drugs is also bad for the human body. It should be taken appropriately, and it is better not to use them if possible. Then, what are the efficacy and effects of ketoconazole capsules?

The efficacy of ketoconazole capsules is to treat infections of the skin, hair, and nails (dermatophytosis, onychomycosis, paronychia, tinea versicolor, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, etc.) caused by dermatophytes and (or) yeasts. When local treatment is ineffective or it is difficult to apply the drug due to factors such as the location, area, and depth of the infection, this drug can be used for treatment. Gastrointestinal yeast infection.

1. Ketoconazole capsules are synthetic imidazole dioxane derivatives with antibacterial and fungicidal activity against dermatophytes, yeasts (Candida, Pityrosporum, Torulopsis, Cryptococcus), dimorphic fungi, and fungi. Ketoconazole capsules are less sensitive to Aspergillus, Trichophyton schenckii, certain dark-colored fungi, and Mucorales, but are an exception for Entomophthorales. Ketoconazole capsules inhibit the biosynthesis of ergosterol in fungi and change the composition of other lipid compounds in the cell membrane. 2. Long-term toxicity tests in animals show that ketoconazole capsules can significantly increase alkaline phosphatase levels and alter liver cell morphology. Ketoconazole capsules can inhibit the biosynthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids in fungi, inhibit the activity of oxidases and peroxidases, cause accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the cell, leading to变性 of cell submicrostructure and cell necrosis. For Candida albicans, it can inhibit the process of its transformation from spore to invasive hyphae.

Long-term use of ketoconazole capsules may cause certain side effects. Adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, headache, dizziness, rash, and itching may occur. A few patients may experience side effects such as hair loss, urticaria, and drug rash. A few patients may have allergic reactions and reports of liver damage. In rare cases, when the therapeutic dose exceeds the recommended 0.2g or 0.1g per day, reversible male breast feminization and seminal fluid deficiency may occur.