Hemolytic reaction is most commonly seen in transfusion reactions caused by blood type mismatch. The initial symptoms of hemolytic reaction include: lumbar pain, numbness of the limbs, shivering, high fever, nausea and dry retching, pale complexion, jaundice, restlessness and anxiety, difficulty breathing, and dark urine. In severe cases, symptoms such as hypotension, shock, and subacute renal failure may occur. After the hemolytic reaction occurs, it is necessary to immediately stop the intravenous injection, provide continuous oxygen, establish a venous access, intravenous fluid therapy, expansion, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and use hormone drugs to prevent hemolysis. In addition, the urine is alkalinized by adding sodium bicarbonate solution to protect kidney function.

Hemolytic reaction refers to the destruction of blood cells caused by various reasons. The first symptoms of acute hemolytic reaction are the patient’s feeling of aversion to cold and shivering, fever, lumbar and back pain. This is because after the destruction of blood cells, a large number of endogenous pyrogens are released, causing the patient to have a high fever, accompanied by aversion to cold and shivering. In addition, due to the high concentration of hemoglobin in the urine, the urine color becomes darker, showing raw urine, and in severe cases, due to tubular obstruction caused by renal tubular injury, oliguria or renal failure symptoms may occur. In addition, if hemolysis occurs repeatedly for a long time, symptoms such as anemia, jaundice of the sclera, and splenomegaly may also occur.

Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions are the most common type of hemolytic reaction after intravenous injection, and are often caused by incorrect blood, resulting in death, which is the most fatal cause among transfusion reactions. The time from the start of intravenous injection to the appearance of reaction symptoms varies from early to late, and the levels of light and severe are also different, depending on the amount of intravenous injection, age, condition of the patient, medication status, antibody titer, and the level of hemolysis causing the hemolysis. Light cases are similar to general fever reactions, and can be without significant jaundice.

Severe cases of blood form mismatch can lead to symptoms such as chills and high fever, palpitations, chest pain, lumbar and back pain, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, discomfort in the chest, and even the appearance of pale skin, sweating, restless and anxious spirit, and low blood pressure, and in more serious cases, can lead to subacute renal failure, hemoglobinuria, oliguria or anuria.