Telomerase (Telomerase), an enzyme that is responsible for the addition of telomere in somatic cells, is a basic nuclear protein reverse transcriptase that can add telomere DNA to the telomere ends of eukaryotic sex chromosomes, repair the damaged telomere by DNA replication, increase the repair of the telomere, prevent the telomere from being somewhat degraded due to cell division, and increase the frequency of cell division. Telomeres in different species of somatic cells play a key role in maintaining the reliability of sex chromosomes and somatic cell specificity. Telomerase can add to the shortening telomere (the cell replication capacity of which is limited), thereby increasing the proliferative capacity of cells outside the body.

The specificity of telomerase in normal body tissues is suppressed, and it is reactivated in tumors, thus possibly participating in the process of malignant transformation. Telomerase plays a key role in maintaining telomere stability, gene detail, somatic cell long-term specificity, and potential reproductive capacity. The existence of telomerase is to compensate for the deficiencies in DNA replication, i.e., by repairing and extending the telomere, it can prevent the telomere from being somewhat degraded due to cell division, thus increasing the frequency of cell division.

However, in normal germ cells, the specificity of telomerase is subjected to very strict control, and it can only be detected in hematopoietic cells, stem cells, and somatic cells that must continuously degrade, such as these essential somatic cells. After cell differentiation is complete, cells must meet the requirements of various different tissues in the human body, each performing its duties, so the specificity of telomerase gradually diminishes. For somatic cells, whether they can continuously degrade is not important; instead, the fully differentiated somatic cells bear a heavier and greater responsibility, which is to make the tissues and organs function and to sustain life.

Telomerase is an enzyme composed of catalytic proteins and RNA templates that can generate DNA at the telomere ends of sex chromosomes, granting somatic cells an eternal replicative capacity.