The basic structure of hysteroscopy is divided into different optical and sheath systems, including hysteroscope, energy system, light source system, injection system, and imaging system. The hysteroscope mainly enters the uterine cavity through the front end of the scope, which has a magnifying effect on the observed area, and can accurately and directly examine and treat gynecological hemorrhagic diseases, uterine cavity lesions, infertility, and other diseases.

Similar to gastroscopy and colonoscopy, hysteroscopy has a light source and lens at its tip, which can illuminate the uterine cavity through the light source and observe the lesions with the lens. Hysteroscopy procedures are divided into diagnostic and therapeutic hysteroscopy according to the surgical method, and are categorized into rigid and flexible hysteroscopes based on the different sheath systems. The operation of hysteroscopy mainly involves inserting the hysteroscope into the uterine cavity, inserting a light-conducting glass fiber into the cavity to observe the cervical canal, cervical internal os, uterine endometrial cavity, fallopian tube orifice, and other parts, while taking biopsies. From the appearance of the hysteroscope, one can see the tube sheath system connected to the light bulb and the display system similar to a television screen. Hard hysteroscopes are generally used for uterine cavity lesions, which consist of sheath and lens parts. The sheath has an outer diameter of 4mm or 5mm, with a stopper inside. The inflation medium enters the lens body through the gap of the sheath, making it convenient for the surgeon to perform direct treatment and observation of the lesions inside the uterine cavity.

Hysteroscopy is a specialized instrument used in clinical diagnosis and treatment of uterine cavity diseases. With the help of hysteroscopy, doctors can clearly observe the lesions inside the uterine cavity, thereby helping to make an accurate diagnosis. Women are advised to undergo hysteroscopy examination from the end of their menstrual period to before ovulation to avoid vaginal or uterine contamination caused by hysteroscopy operation. It is recommended that women go to a regular hospital for hysteroscopy diagnosis and treatment.