Insulin is a hormone that reduces blood sugar, which promotes the metabolism of sugar to reduce blood sugar when blood sugar levels rise. Insulin is produced by the β cells of the pancreas from its precursor proinsulin, and is produced through a biochemical process: consisting of 51 carbohydrate α and β peptide chains connected together by two disulfide bonds, with a molecular weight of 5734D. Insulin is a hormone that promotes the generation of growth.

The key function is to promote the conversion of glucose and the conversion of glycogen, inhibit glycogenolysis, and thus maintain the stability of blood glucose levels. When insulin is deficient, blood glucose concentration increases, which may exceed the renal glucose threshold, causing insulin dependence. The measurement of blood glucose insulin by quantitative analysis is mainly used for the study of the metabolic function of pancreatic β cells and diabetes, to determine the type of diabetes, for targeted diagnosis, discussion of principles, and research on the effects of some drugs on glycolysis and endocrine disorders, etc., which has certain practical significance and value.

Clinical manifestations

This test reflects the basic and glucose-mediated insulin release effect.

Experimental methods

This experiment is often carried out separately from the oral glucose tolerance test, and it should be avoided to take blood after fasting for one night and taking blood the next morning. Many physiological and pharmacological factors affect blood glucose indicators and the metabolism of insulin, such as the mental state during the experiment and the duration of fasting. In addition, some drugs (such as doxylamine, blockers, hormone drugs, birth control pills, etc.) should be stopped for 3 days before the experiment. The measurement of blood glucose insulin at fasting, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 180 minutes after taking sugar, the insulin secretion of normal people is usually parallel to blood glucose indicators, reaching the highest value at 30-60 minutes after taking sugar, with a concentration value of 5-7 times the fasting value.

The measurement value of glargine insulin after reaching the highest value should have a significant decrease compared to the highest value, and the measurement value after 180 minutes should only be slightly higher than the fasting value. This set of experiments is mainly used to judge the metabolic effect of glargine insulin cells. The fasting value of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes is low, and there is no response or low response after taking sugar, showing an unresponsive type. For patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, the fasting value is normal or increased, and the insulin level increases even to a strong level after taking sugar, the highest value comes late, often at 120 minutes, even 180 minutes, but this type of diabetes can also show an unresponsive type in the late stage.