What is the volume of many non-retained enema fluids? Inject a certain amount of aqueous solution into the sigmoid colon to achieve clean enema, clear diagnosis, and treatment purposes. Many non-retained enemas can be used to soften feces, clean the intestines, dilute fluids, and eliminate the accumulation of intestinal toxins for patients with refractory constipation due to tumors. Clean enema can reduce body temperature and some special tests and preoperative preparations for patients who cannot control fever due to cancer.

Preparation of items in advance: enema fluid (prepare according to the doctor’s instructions), glycerin (paraffin oil), 1000ml beaker stirrer, water thermometer, flat plate, curved plate hemostat (reserved), gauze 3 pieces, disposable diaper, disposable enema bag, disposable gloves, toilet paper 4 pieces, warm water bottle infusion stand (or movable liquid stand), bottle opener (in the drawer cabinet), hand disinfectant, stool (ready under the bed), and prepare a special type of肛管 (various models and specifications) as needed. Patient preparation: first go to the toilet to defecate: prepare toilet paper: supplement as necessary; prepare a stool.

The instrument panel and clothing are dignified and neat, wash hands and disinfect, wear a mask. Prepare items in advance, check the validity period of items, and prepare enema fluid according to the doctor’s instructions. The enema fluid is generally 0.1%-0.2% soap solution or saline (temperature 39-41℃). Water rate: adults 800-1000ml, children and adolescents 200-500ml.

After two people check, take the items to the bedside.

Check the patient’s bed card for blood pressure, name. Assess the patient’s health condition and bowel condition. Describe the actual purpose of the blood test and instruct the patient to defecate and urinate. Adjust the height and width of the infusion stand (from the patient’s anal orifice to the liquid level inside the enema bag 40-60 cm). Check the validity period of the enema bag and whether the packaging is damaged, open the enema bag, close the adjustment clip of the enema bag, pour the selected enema fluid into it, and place the enema bag on the infusion stand. The first exhaust pipe is 10CM up and down from the anal tube head (the same as the method of dripping infusion exhaust pipe). Clamp and hang it on the infusion stand with a hemostat (note: the tube is first wrapped with gauze and then clamped with a needle-nose pliers.) Close the windows and doors fully, blocking the patient. Adjust the pillow core towards the worker, helping the patient to sleep on the left side of the pregnant woman, taking off pants to the leg (the patient’s chest, back, and lower limbs are covered with a blanket), exposing the patient’s buttocks, moving the buttocks to the edge of the bed, bending the knees (elderly people can lie on their backs, with a commode under the buttocks), and placing a disposable diaper under the buttocks. Place one end of the肛管 in the curved dish. (Also, place one end of the肛管 on the enema bag) Prepare four pieces of handkerchief paper for the soft tube and place them on the disposable diaper.

Intrusion:

Blood pressure, wear gloves. Take a gauze soaked in glycerin or liquid paraffin oil, lubricate the front end of the enema bag’s anal canal, and then lubricate the anal orifice. Add a second exhaust pipe, remove the gas in the anal canal (when the liquid is in the bent plate), and clamp the anal canal with a hemostat. With the right hand, take a handkerchief to separate the buttocks, expose the anal orifice. Instruct the patient to take a deep breath, and with the left hand, gently insert the anal canal into the duodenum according to the anatomical characteristics 10-15 centimeters. With the right hand holding the anal canal steady, and the left hand releasing the regulating valve or hemostat, instruct the patient to take a deep breath to slowly inject the solution.

Observation: Control the water flow with blood pressure, and observe the patient’s response. When the patient has a urinary sensation, reduce the water flow or reduce the enema bag, and instruct the patient to breathe through the mouth (to relieve abdominal pressure).

After enema: When the blood pressure fluid is dried up, close the regulating valve or hemostat. With the right hand holding the anal orifice, the left hand takes a handkerchief near the anal orifice to wrap around the anal canal, and bend it gently to pull it out slowly. Dispose of the enema bag into the medical waste bag. Take a clean handkerchief to clean the anal orifice, remove the bent plate and diapers. Change gloves. Instruct the patient or help the patient to lie flat, tidy up the patient’s clothes and pants, and instruct the patient to retain for 5-10 minutes (to soften the stool).

Patient’s feces

List of items: After defecation, the patient should tidy up the bed, observe the defecation condition, and collect specimens if necessary; ensure indoor ventilation; prepare items; wash hands and disinfect, and record.

Common problems: 1. Before catheterization, exhaust the gas in the anal canal to prevent gas from entering the intestines, causing abdominal distension. 2. For elderly, weak, and frequently ill patients with incontinence, they can adopt a supine position with a toilet bowl under the buttocks. 3. Do not exert excessive force during catheterization. When the external anal sphincter is anxious and restless, instruct the patient to take a deep breath. If the patient has hemorrhoids, a smaller catheter should be used for the anal canal, and extra caution should be taken for patients with anal diseases to prevent damage. 4. For children, insert the anal canal 5-7.5 centimeters, and for babies, 2.5-3.5 centimeters. 5. For patients with brain craniopathy, heart disease, the elderly, children, and pregnant women, be cautious when performing enema, keep the work pressure low, the rate slow, and pay attention to changes in the condition.