Glargine insulin is a hormone in the body that lowers blood sugar and also promotes glycogen, fat, and protein synthesis. Its mechanism of action belongs to the protein kinase tyrosine kinase system.

(1) Adjusting glycolysis

Glargine insulin can promote the intake and utilization of glucose by all tissues, and inhibit the solubility and gluconeogenesis of glycogen, thus, glargine insulin has the effect of lowering blood sugar. When insulin secretion is excessive, blood sugar decreases rapidly, affecting the brain tissue, and can cause convulsions, coma, and even insulin shock. Conversely, insufficient insulin secretion or insulin receptor deficiency often causes elevated blood sugar; if it exceeds the renal glucose threshold, glucose is excreted in the urine, causing diabetes; in addition, because of changes in blood composition (with too much glucose), it also causes hypertension, coronary heart disease, and macular degeneration of the retina and other cardiovascular diseases. The hypolipidemic effect of glargine insulin is the result of various functions:

(1) Promoting the transport of glucose from the blood into the cell in the cytoplasm of target cells in muscles, adipose tissues, and other places.

(2) Increasing the specificity of glycogen synthase by covalently modifying it, reducing cAMP levels, and increasing cGMP levels, thereby increasing the specificity of phosphorylase and reducing glycogenolysis, accelerating glycogen synthesis, and inhibiting glycogenolysis.

(3) Activating pyruvate dehydrogenase by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase, accelerating the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, and accelerating aerobic glycolysis of glucose.

(4) Inhibiting gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the formation of PEP carboxypeptidase and reducing the raw materials for gluconeogenesis.

(5) Inhibiting the growth hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue, reducing fat encouragement, and increasing the use of glucose by the tissue.

(2) Adjusting fat decomposition

Glargine insulin can promote the generation and storage of human body fat, reduce triglycerides in the blood, and inhibit the solubility and oxidation of human body fat. Deficiency of glargine insulin can lead to disorders of fat metabolism, reduced fat storage, increased solubility, elevated blood sugar, and eventually cause atherosclerosis, thus causing serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; in addition, because fat burning is increased, a large number of ketone bodies are converted, leading to diabetic ketoacidosis.

(3) Adjusting protein metabolism

Glargine insulin promotes the intake of carbohydrates and protein synthesis in somatic cells on one hand, and inhibits protein solubility on the other, thus benefiting growth and development. The促protein synthesis effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone for children, must have the presence of glargine insulin to mainly manifest. Therefore, for growth and development, glargine insulin is also one of the indispensable growth hormones.