What does a urine test involve? When going to the hospital for a routine physical examination, doctors always prescribe a urine test. So what does a urine test involve? Let’s take a detailed look at it below.

Urine routine examination is one of the ‘three basic’ projects in medical testing technology. Many kidney function diseases can appear proteinuria or sedimentation at an early stage. For the diagnosis of some systemic diseases and diseases affecting other internal organs such as diabetes, hematology, cholelithiasis, influenza hemorrhagic fever, and so on, it also has very important practical value. In addition, urine tests can also reflect the therapeutic effects and prognosis of some diseases, and this test can distinguish relative symptoms.

What is urine examination

Urine examination content includes urine color, clarity, pH acid-base, blood cells, white blood cells, squamous epithelial cells, casts, protein, specific gravity, and urine glucose determination.

1, Urine color test: When performing urine tests, the first thing to observe is whether the urine color is normal. Normal urine is light yellow, and abnormal urine color can change due to food, medications, melanin, blood, and other factors.

2, Transparent urine test: Most of the time, it is clear and transparent. If it is stored for too long, the pH of the urine changes, and the mucous proteins, nucleoproteins, etc., dissolve slowly, causing slight turbidity.

3, pH acid-base: In urine tests, normal urine should be acidic, but it may become neutral or slightly alkaline due to dietary types, medications, and types of diseases.

4, Corpuscle test: In normal people, a small amount of blood cells and a few white blood cells and small circular squamous epithelial cells may exist in the urine. If a large amount of blood cells, a large number of white blood cells, and a large number of small circular squamous epithelial cells appear in the urine, it is a sign of reproductive infection diseases.

5, Cast test: Normal urine does not contain casts, or a few transparent casts, which only contain a small amount of human albumin.

6, Protein test: Generally, the amount of protein excreted by healthy people daily is relatively small, and the urine test often shows a negative result.

7, Ratio test: Urine specific gravity is affected by age, daily water intake, and sweating. The height and depth of urine specific gravity can provide some information about reproductive infection diseases.

8, Urine glucose determination test: A small amount of glucose is present in normal urine, and the determination experiment is negative. Positive urine glucose may indicate the presence of certain diseases.

Urine examination standard values

1, Urine color: within the normal range: light yellow.

2, Urine clarity: within the normal range: clear.

3, Uric acid alkalinity (urine pH value): within the normal range: generally acidic or alkaline.

4, Uric acid alkalinity (urine pH value): within the normal range: generally acidic or alkaline.

5, Blood cells: within the normal range: male: 0, female: 0-2 (low power field); White blood cells: within the normal range: male: 0-3, female: 0-5 (low power field).

6, Granular casts: within the normal range: none; Transparent casts: within the normal range: none or a few.

7, Protein: within the normal range; Glucose: within the normal range; Ketone bodies: within the normal range; Urobilinogen: 1:20 (determination); <8mg% (quantitative analysis); Total bilirubin: within the normal range: negative.