Precancerous cervical lesions

　　Cervical cancer is the only gynecological malignant tumor with a clear etiology, associated with persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a double-stranded DNA virus with a spherical shell, with a diameter of 55nm, mainly infecting the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes, causing various lesions. More than 200 types of HPV have been identified so far, at least 30 of which are related to mucosal infections of the reproductive tract. 80% of women can be infected with HPV in their lifetime, which is usually cleared naturally within 8-10 months, only a small number (5%) of women present a persistent infection state.

　　Other high-risk factors associated with cervical cancer include:

　　1. Sexual behavior: Early onset of sexual life, multiple sexual partners;

　　2. Menstrual and childbirth factors: Poor menstrual hygiene, prolonged menstruation, early marriage, early childbirth, multiple births, etc.;

　　3. Long-term stimulation of the cervix caused by sexually transmitted diseases;

　　4. Smoking: Nicotine intake reduces the body's immunity, affects the clearance of HPV infection, and increases the risk of cervical cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma;

　　5. Long-term use of oral contraceptives: The risk of cervical cancer, especially adenocarcinoma, increases twice after taking oral contraceptives for more than 8 years;

　　6. Immune deficiency and suppression: HIV infection leads to immune deficiency, and long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation can increase the incidence of cervical cancer;

　　7. Other viral infections: The association between herpes virus type II (HSV-II) and the etiology of cervical cancer cannot be excluded.

　　Precancerous lesions of cervical cancer can lead to pathological conditions such as renal failure, partial or complete loss of renal function. If not treated in time, it will seriously harm women's health, so timely treatment is definitely necessary.

　　What are the typical symptoms of precancerous lesions of cervical cancer? Briefly described as follows:

　　1. Post-coital bleeding.70%-80% of cervical cancer patients have this symptom;

　　2. Cervical erosion.Young women with chronic cervical erosion should be paid attention to, or cervical erosion after menopause should also be taken seriously;

　　3. Contact bleeding.Uterine bleeding after gynecological examination are all signs of precancerous lesions of cervical cancer;

　　4. Mixed blood leukorrhea.In addition to uterine bleeding caused by intrauterine devices, if women have long-term mixed blood leukorrhea, they should be checked in a timely manner. 80% of precancerous lesions of cervical cancer can be cured through early detection and early treatment.

　　The above are the more common symptoms of precancerous lesions of cervical cancer.

　　How to prevent precancerous lesions of cervical cancer? Briefly described as follows:

　　1. Strengthen health education, improve awareness of prevention, avoid premature sexual activity, and杜绝性生活混乱.

　　2. Regular gynecological examinations, married women are recommended to have a cervical cytology examination at least every two years, and further pathological examination should be done if problems are found.

　　3. For the discovered cervical lesions and reproductive system infections, especially for those infected with human papillomavirus HPV, corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic measures should be actively taken to prevent the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.

　　The examination of precancerous lesions of cervical cancer is divided into three levels, as follows:

　　First level: TCT thin-layer liquid-based cytology test

　　Firstly, the most advanced thin-layer liquid-based cytology technology (TCT) is adopted to observe cervical cells under a microscope and check for any abnormalities in cervical cells. Because the earliest change of cervical cancer transformation starts from the abnormality of cervical cells.

　　In addition, if the economic conditions permit, it can also be carried outHuman papillomavirus (HPV). HPV detection, which will increase the accuracy.

　　Second level: electronic colposcopy examination

　　After the TCT thin-layer liquid-based cytology test, if abnormal cervical cells are found, a colposcopy should be performed. Under the high magnification of 40 times of the electronic colposcope, observing the superficial changes in the commonly affected areas of precancerous lesions of cervical cancer is of great importance for the early detection and early diagnosis of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.

　　Third stage: Tissue Pathology Detection

　　If an abnormality is found during colposcopy, biopsy should be taken under the guidance of special staining. Under the guidance of colposcopy, multiple biopsies should be taken at the suspected lesion sites, and tissue pathology examinations should be conducted separately to confirm the cervical lesion.

　　After going through the above three stages of examination, it can be determined that there is a cervical lesion, and early cervical cancer can be found to prevent problems before they arise.

　　What should patients with precancerous lesions of cervical cancer pay attention to in their diet? A brief introduction is as follows:

　　1. The early stage of cervical cancer has little effect on digestive function, and should focus on enhancing the patient's ability to resist diseases and improve immunity. Nutrients such as protein, sugar, fat, and vitamins can be reasonably consumed. When the patient has a lot of vaginal bleeding, some blood and cancer-inhibiting foods such as lotus root, Job's tears, hawthorn, black fungus, and umeboshi should be taken. When the patient has a lot of watery leukorrhea, it is advisable to eat tonifying foods such as turtle, pigeon eggs, and chicken. When the patient has a lot of sticky leukorrhea with a foul smell, it is advisable to eat light and diuretic foods such as Job's tears, red bean, and white grass root.

　　2. After surgery, diet should be adjusted to replenish Qi and nourish blood, and fill essence with essence of food, such as yam, longan, mulberry, wolfberry, pork liver, turtle, sesame, donkey hide glue, and so on.

　　There are many treatment methods for precancerous lesions of cervical cancer, such as cervical electrocautery, electrocoagulation, cryotherapy, laser treatment, and so on. Recently, the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences has adopted a special laser treatment for precancerous lesions of cervical cancer, and the effective rate of 40 patients in 10 months is more than 95%, with a cure rate of 84.6%. It has a special effect on chronic cervicitis and cervical erosion, with a high one-time cure rate. In addition, improving women's health level, taking regular baths, actively treating cervical diseases; cleaning the foreskin of the husband's penis, or performing circumcision early; advocating premarital examination, and taking drugs that can prevent cervical cancer such as ginsenoside Rh2 (Huoming Su) and so on, all belong to the important work of preventing cervical cancer.