Genu varum

　　The main causes of X-shaped legs include three types: one is rickets in children, one is congenital inheritance, and another small part is due to sequelae caused by cartilage development disorders, trauma, fractures, etc. This kind of limb deformity not only affects the shape and beauty, but also has a significant impact on human health. Genu varum or genu valgum both disrupt the normal distribution of force in the knee joint, increasing the stress on one side of the joint and reducing it on the other side. At the same time, due to the change in the force line of the lower limb, the friction between the patella and the femur increases. Over time, it can also cause knee pain during walking and affect joint movement, making it prone to osteoarthritis of the knee. Correcting this leg shape not only improves the body shape and beauty but also improves the state of unbalanced knee joint stress.

　　In a normal knee joint, the pressure is evenly distributed on the joint surface. However, in people with X-shaped legs, due to the genu varum, the body weight is excessively concentrated on the lateral joint surface of the knee joint. At the same time, due to poor lower limb force line, the friction between the patella and the femur increases, which is prone to patellar softening. Excessive pressure and friction can lead to wear of the lateral cartilage surface of the knee joint, collapse of the tibial plateau, and secondary osteoarthritis. As people age, joint pain is more likely to occur, affecting normal walking activities.

　　The main manifestations are that the lower limbs are naturally extended or standing, the knees can touch each other, and the medial malleoli of the feet cannot be close together. This kind of limb deformity not only affects the shape and beauty, but also has a significant impact on human health. Genu varum or genu valgum both disrupt the normal distribution of force in the knee joint, increasing the stress on one side of the joint and reducing it on the other side. At the same time, due to the change in the force line of the lower limb, the friction between the patella and the femur increases.

　　Develop good shoe-wearing habits, maintain correct sleeping and sitting postures. If parents find that their child's arches are collapsing or there are symptoms of in-toeing or out-toeing when walking, they should pay attention and correct them in a timely manner.

　　General radiographic examination: chest film examination, bone and joint film examination of the limbs:

　　General radiographic examination: skull films, chest films, abdominal flat films, and bone and joint films of the limbs. Radiography plays an important role in diagnosis, and the following should be noted: 1. The radiographic process is繁琐，usually cannot get the result immediately；2. General radiography cannot observe the functional state of the organs；3. Taking a single X-ray film can only obtain the image of a single inspected site, which is the disadvantage of radiography；4. CT examination should be首选 for cranial trauma, because when there are complications such as intracranial hemorrhage due to cranial fracture, X-ray flat film is明显不如CT检查有价值。

　　There are no special dietary requirements for genu varum. It is recommended that patients maintain a nutritious diet with a reasonable structure, increase protein intake, eat less high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt foods, and avoid spicy foods.

　　1. The correction methods for X-legs include: surgery, splints, bandages, exercise, corrective insoles, etc. For rickets children, it is necessary to receive regular and systematic rickets treatment; at the same time, attention should be paid to not let children walk too early.

　　2. Surgery is suitable for patients with bony deformities. Through osteotomy + internal fixation correction, the normal limb alignment and appearance can be restored immediately.

　　3. Severe genu varum deformity, new osteotomy + internal fixation correction may cause tension and traction of nerves and blood vessels, and it is easy to appear related complications. Therefore, it can be corrected by osteotomy and osteotomy correction assisted by external fixation frame, slowly correct the deformity, avoid complications of nerves and blood vessels, and the surgery is also minimally invasive.

　　4. Non-surgical correction methods have the same basic principle, which is to relax the lateral collateral ligament of the knee, restore the stable structure of the medial and lateral sides of the knee, and thus achieve the correction goal by varus. The advantages of non-surgical correction methods are low cost and low risk, but the disadvantages are that the active treatment is slow to take effect and requires long-term persistence. Without perseverance, the correction goal cannot be achieved.